His retreat into himself is not a final renunciation of the world, but a search for quietude, where alone it is possible for him to make his contribution to the life of the community.
― Carl Jung

In her New York Times bestselling book, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World that Can’t Stop Talking, Susan Cain exposes herself as an introvert and reveals the reality of introversion as something quite different from common perceptions. As I turned each page of her book, I found myself thinking yes, this is it exactly. I have had a public presence for most of my life. Each day for 41 years, I stood in front of classrooms and spoke about the wisest things I could. I spoke about all sorts of moral truths that manifested themselves in the greatest literary works. I spoke about differing perspectives and our obligation to understand them fully before we took our respective sides. And I spoke about the beauty of language that continues to move us with profound assurance. In short, I put myself out there hourly, baring my soul in hopes of reaching largely indifferent audiences. I played the role of an extrovert, and I played it as well as I possibly could—regardless of the personal cost, regardless of the reception.

There are so many others who, like me, have played this role. They may have even convinced themselves that they could grow into more extroverted selves whom the world would more eagerly embrace. Susan Cain writes that introverts:

. . . may have strong social skills and enjoy parties and business meetings, but after a while wish they were home in their pajamas. They prefer to devote their social energies to close friends, colleagues, and family. They listen more than they talk, think before they speak, and often feel as if they express themselves better in writing than in conversation. They tend to dislike conflict. Many have a horror of small talk, but enjoy deep discussions.

Cain understands that what the world often sees as a wallflower who cowers in insecurity and lonely corners may be a contemplative who revels in a solitude that is anything but lonely. I think about many of the students and colleagues I have known. I remember the eyes that locked onto mine, the bodies that leaned ever-so-slightly forward as I spoke or read, the ears that listened, and the mouths that did not speak. And I remember the written words that spilled from them, words that burst gloriously forth from inner wells that were never made public but that lived nonetheless. Here was no shyness or weakness; here was the quiet strength of those who listened well and thought even better.

In her book, Introverts in Love: The Quiet Way to Happily Ever After, Sophia Dembling identifies a common misconception about introversion as a negative space:

Historically, psychologists have looked at introversion as the absence of extroversion. They measure extroversion, and if you are low in it, then you are considered an introvert. This perpetuates the perception of introversion as negative space, and introverted activities as not really doing anything. We need to train ourselves, and others, out of this idea. We need to start seeing doing nothing (or reading, or working alone on projects, or whatever it is we do to recharge) as activities that are as valid as any social event.

I find much truth in Dembling’s claims that we perceive introversion as a negative space in which those who occupy it are not really doing anything. Extroversion, she maintains, is the measuring stick for our times. How many times have I been guilty of measuring audience engagement by their verbal responses or lack thereof? How many times have I failed to see in others what I recognize as true of myself? How many times have I feared the silences in my classrooms and, in foolish desperation, tried to fill them with my own talk? And how many times have I left school and walked to the parking lot thinking I sicken myself with all this talking?

And yet. The world loves an extrovert, a real talker. These are the individuals whom we promote and honor, whom we seek out as means to our social ends. We use such words as bold, confident, brave, and capable to describe them. We recruit them, hire them, and watch them shine (and watch others—perhaps even ourselves—as they hitch themselves to these shining stars.)

And yet. Like Cain, I tend to worry that there are people who are put in positions of authority because they’re good talkers, but they don’t have good ideas. We are drowning in good talking, I fear. But good ideas? I suspect that we just dip our toes into these waters, wading along the edges of what might be. There are introverts out there who would plunge in, preferring the potential dangers of the deep to the shallow safety of good talk.

Lately, as I been working in schools as a consultant, I’ve come to rethink many of the philosophies, frameworks, and strategies that have pervaded the educational world. One of these has been—and continues to be—the emphasis on student collaboration. Collaboration, educational experts claim, is valuable and necessary for real learning to occur. As students collaborate, they consolidate and corroborate their thinking. They learn from each other in the safety of a student group. They practice the necessary job skill of working with others. And they are more actively engaged than when the teacher (the dreaded sage on the stage) is lecturing. In truth, many (most?) experts agree that collaboration is the gold ticket, the magic bullet, the secret weapon.

I’ve promoted student collaboration, implemented it in my own classrooms, and witnessed others who, too, have implemented it. Indeed, there have been students who have flourished in group work, making their voices heard, testing their ideas against others, and generally talking their ways into better ideas and solutions. And there have been students who have withered in group work, sitting silently as others flounder or do nothing, retreating to their own thoughts and being reluctant to venture into such  atmospheres of seeming futility. They may have recognized the ignorance or foolishness of their peers and simply decided not to participate or (heaven forbid!) lead. Sadly, we may have considered these introverts to be failures—at best—and insubordinate—at worst. Tragically, we may have gotten it all wrong.

Another equally prominent educational initiative is differentiation—the purposeful planning and implementation of strategies, assignments, and assessments designed to meet unique student abilities and interests. In theory, differentiation has the individual at heart, and what could be better than this? In practice, however, it verges on the impossible. Ask any teacher about differentiation, and you will invariably see them come unhinged. They will tell you that they understand the value of it, but they honestly don’t know how to realistically make this happen. They will throw up their hands and lament that they would have to create hundreds of different assignments and tests and that, even if they were willing, there simply wouldn’t be enough hours in the day. Some would snort in disgust; others would tear up and lower their eyes in failure.

I once had an educational specialist advise me to differentiate a Macbeth assessment by giving students the option of writing a literary research essay, creating a collage (magazine pictures and lots of glue?), or even performing a puppet show (a sock puppet reenactment of Macbeth killing the king?) If students struggled to read Macbeth, she suggested that I rewrite it in language they could understand. Rewrite Shakespeare? I asked incredulously. Yes, if that’s what it takes, she said.

That being said, if differentiation is a goal (albeit an increasingly challenging one), why wouldn’t we recognize the differences between extroverted and introverted students? Why wouldn’t we want to honor the strength and value of introversion? Why wouldn’t we consider the potential damage we do to introverted students, demanding that they become more like their extroverted peers and, consequently, become better? Why wouldn’t we acknowledge that listening to a good teacher is just as—if not more—worthwhile as student collaboration? And why wouldn’t we foster more genuine contemplation, more thinking and writing in solitude before speaking?

In her book, Cain writes that the “pain of independence” has grave implications. She continues:

Most of our most important civic institutions, from elections to jury trials to the very idea of majority rule, depend on dissenting voices. But when the group is literally capable of changing our perceptions, and when to stand alone is to activate primitive, powerful, and unconscious feelings of rejection, then the health of these institutions seems far more vulnerable than we think. 

I fear that many introverts experience the pain of independence too often. Those whose very lives depend upon  solitude, the seedbed from which dissenting voices are often born, may come to feel the primitive, powerful, and unconscious feelings of rejection. They may pay far too much attention to remarks and looks which classify them as awkward, withdrawn, and even reclusive. In the end, some may convince themselves that they have no real place in a world of extroverts who appear to thrive among their fellow humans. The more, the merrier and all that jazz.

 French philosopher Gaston Bachelard explains:

A creature that hides and “withdraws into its shell,” is preparing a “way out.” This is true of the entire scale of metaphors, from the resurrection of a man in his grave, to the sudden outburst of one who has long been silent. If we remain at the heart of the image under consideration, we have the impression that, by staying in the motionlessness of its shell, the creature is preparing temporal explosions, not to say whirlwinds, of being. [The Poetics of Space]

Perhaps, as Bachelard proposes, one who withdraws is actually preparing a a way out. I have been witness to the miracle of sudden outbursts from those who have been sheltered in contemplation. From experience, I know that silence is not absence of feeling or thought. Neither is it necessarily evidence of trouble. Call such an outburst a resurrection. Call it a temporal explosion or whirlwind of being. But call it something of value, something to affirm and even cherish.

Cain believes that withdrawing to the shelter of oneself is akin to those animals that carry their shelter wherever they go. In spite of their preference for solitude, introverts are rarely lonely. In fact, Cain says introversion is my greatest strength. I have such a strong inner life that I’m never bored and only occasionally lonely. No matter what mayhem is happening around me, I know I can always turn inward. American writer Zora Neale Hurston concurs:

Being under my own roof, and my personality not invaded by others makes a lot of difference in my outlook on life and everything. Oh, to be once more alone in a house!

If it were not for introverts, we would not have much of the world’s best art, literature, science, philosophy, theology and thinking in general. Solitude is often the hotbed for creativity and introspection. Oh, to be once more alone in a house!

For most of my life, I tried to convince myself that I could be, that I should be more like the extroverts in my life. I worked on putting myself out there. But even after years of practice, I still find it intimidating to walk into a crowded room or gym. I’ve perfected a certain strain of small talk, but I prefer more intimate talk between a person or two. I’ve told myself that my desire for solitude is selfish and/or cowardly. And I’ve struggled to balance my public life with my private life.

Now, as I consider my grandchildren, who are also introverts, I am even more convicted that the world needs introverts, particularly those with such sweet faces and tender hearts. I want their world to be one that doesn’t gauge their worth with the measuring stick of extroversion, one that doesn’t quickly think absence in the face of silence. I pray that they will grow into their introversion as contemplatives who retreat to read, think, and listen to God. As their peers perform and compete on public stages and arenas, I want them to know that they are o.k. just as they are. And when they prefer to sit beside me in silence and look out at the goldfinches who cling to the bird feeder, I will honor their silence and know that their presence is more than enough.

If you are interested in Susan Cain’s research and book on introversion, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World that Can’t Stop Talking, here is an excerpt you might enjoy:

A Manifesto for Introverts

1. There’s a word for ‘people who are in their heads too much’: thinkers.

2. Solitude is a catalyst for innovation.

3. The next generation of quiet kids can and must be raised to know their own strengths.

4. Sometimes it helps to be a pretend extrovert. There will always be time to be quiet later.

5. But in the long run, staying true to your temperament is key to finding work you love and work that matters.

6. One genuine new relationship is worth a fistful of business cards.

7. It’s OK to cross the street to avoid making small talk.

8. ‘Quiet leadership’ is not an oxymoron.

9. Love is essential; gregariousness is optional.

10. ‘In a gentle way, you can shake the world.’ -Mahatma Gandhi”